Periodic Table

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1HHydrogen 2HeHelium 3LiLithium 4BeBeryllium 5BBoron 6CCarbon 7NNitrogen 8OOxygen 9FFluorine 10NeNeon 11NaSodium 12MgMagnesium 13AlAluminum 14SiSilicon 15PPhosphorus 16SSulfur 17ClChlorine 18ArArgon 19KPotassium 20CaCalcium 21ScScandium 22TiTitanium 23VVanadium 24CrChromium 25MnManganese 26FeIron 27CoCobalt 28NiNickel 29CuCopper 30ZnZinc 31GaGallium 32GeGermanium 33AsArsenic 34SeSelenium 35BrBromine 36KrKrypton 37RbRubidium 38SrStrontium 39YYttrium 40ZrZirconium 41NbNiobium 42MoMolybdenum 43TcTechnetium 44RuRuthenium 45RhRhodium 46PdPalladium 47AgSilver 48CdCadmium 49InIndium 50SnTin 51SbAntimony 52TeTellurium 53IIodine 54XeXenon 55CsCesium 56BaBarium 57LaLanthanum 58CeCerium 59PrPraseodymium 60NdNeodymium 61PmPromethium 62SmSamarium 63EuEuropium 64GdGadolinium 65TbTerbium 66DyDysprosium 67HoHolmium 68ErErbium 69TmThulium 70YbYtterbium 71LuLutetium 72HfHafnium 73TaTantalum 74WTungsten 75ReRhenium 76OsOsmium 77IrIridium 78PtPlatinum 79AuGold 80HgMercury 81TlThallium 82PbLead 83BiBismuth 84PoPolonium 85AtAstatine 86RnRadon 87FrFrancium 88RaRadium 89AcActinium 90ThThorium 91PaProtactinium 92UUranium 93NpNeptunium 94PuPlutonium 95AmAmericium 96CmCurium 97BkBerkelium 98CfCalifornium 99EsEinsteinium 100FmFermium 101MdMendelevium 102NoNobelium 103LrLawrencium 104RfRutherfordium 105DbDubnium 106SgSeaborgium 107BhBohrium 108HsHassium 109MtMeitnerium 110DsDarmstadtium 111RgRoentgenium 112CnCopernicium 113NhNihonium 114FlFlerovium 115McMoscovium 116LvLivermorium 117TsTennessine 118OgOganesson

Gallium

31Post-transition metal

mass 69.723 · solid · group 13 · period 4

Alkali metal6

Alkaline earth metal6

Transition metal38

Post-transition metal11

Metalloid7

Nonmetal7

Halogen6

Noble gas7

Lanthanide15

Actinide15

30Zn

31Ga

Ge32

Atomic number 31

Gallium

Post-transition metal

In the real world

A shiny silvery gallium lump half-melted into a mirror-bright puddle on a white dish. — What it looks likeGallium is a silvery metal so low-melting it turns to liquid just above room temperature.

A silvery metal spoon drooping and slumping as it melts inside a glass of warm water. — Where you'd see itA gallium spoon melts away in a glass of warm water - gallium turns liquid at just 29.8 °C.

Quick facts

Atomic mass: 69.723
Group: 13
Period: 4
State (STP): solid
Electronegativity: 1.81
Common ox. states: +3

Properties

Electron configuration

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

Ionization energy: 578.8 kJ/mol
Electron affinity: 41.0 kJ/mol
Melting point: 302.91 K (29.8 °C)
Boiling point: 2673.00 K (2399.8 °C)

How dangerous is it?

0/5 · Safe to handle

Safe to hold. This shiny metal melts in your warm hand and is low in toxicity. (Keep it off aluminum, which it weakens.)

How it bonds

Gallium normally shows +3 (Ga₂O₃, GaCl₃) - predictable group-13 behavior. Famous for melting at body temperature (29.76 °C); a gallium spoon will melt in a cup of tea. Used in GaAs (gallium arsenide) semiconductors.

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