Periodic Table

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1HHydrogen 2HeHelium 3LiLithium 4BeBeryllium 5BBoron 6CCarbon 7NNitrogen 8OOxygen 9FFluorine 10NeNeon 11NaSodium 12MgMagnesium 13AlAluminum 14SiSilicon 15PPhosphorus 16SSulfur 17ClChlorine 18ArArgon 19KPotassium 20CaCalcium 21ScScandium 22TiTitanium 23VVanadium 24CrChromium 25MnManganese 26FeIron 27CoCobalt 28NiNickel 29CuCopper 30ZnZinc 31GaGallium 32GeGermanium 33AsArsenic 34SeSelenium 35BrBromine 36KrKrypton 37RbRubidium 38SrStrontium 39YYttrium 40ZrZirconium 41NbNiobium 42MoMolybdenum 43TcTechnetium 44RuRuthenium 45RhRhodium 46PdPalladium 47AgSilver 48CdCadmium 49InIndium 50SnTin 51SbAntimony 52TeTellurium 53IIodine 54XeXenon 55CsCesium 56BaBarium 57LaLanthanum 58CeCerium 59PrPraseodymium 60NdNeodymium 61PmPromethium 62SmSamarium 63EuEuropium 64GdGadolinium 65TbTerbium 66DyDysprosium 67HoHolmium 68ErErbium 69TmThulium 70YbYtterbium 71LuLutetium 72HfHafnium 73TaTantalum 74WTungsten 75ReRhenium 76OsOsmium 77IrIridium 78PtPlatinum 79AuGold 80HgMercury 81TlThallium 82PbLead 83BiBismuth 84PoPolonium 85AtAstatine 86RnRadon 87FrFrancium 88RaRadium 89AcActinium 90ThThorium 91PaProtactinium 92UUranium 93NpNeptunium 94PuPlutonium 95AmAmericium 96CmCurium 97BkBerkelium 98CfCalifornium 99EsEinsteinium 100FmFermium 101MdMendelevium 102NoNobelium 103LrLawrencium 104RfRutherfordium 105DbDubnium 106SgSeaborgium 107BhBohrium 108HsHassium 109MtMeitnerium 110DsDarmstadtium 111RgRoentgenium 112CnCopernicium 113NhNihonium 114FlFlerovium 115McMoscovium 116LvLivermorium 117TsTennessine 118OgOganesson

Fluorine

9Halogen

mass 18.998 · gas · group 17 · period 2

Alkali metal6

Alkaline earth metal6

Transition metal38

Post-transition metal11

Metalloid7

Nonmetal7

Halogen6

Noble gas7

Lanthanide15

Actinide15

Ne10

Atomic number 9

Fluorine

Halogen

In the real world

A sealed glass ampoule of pale yellow fluorine gas held in a clamp against a dark background. — What it looks likeFluorine is a pale yellow gas and the most reactive of all elements, so it is kept sealed away.

A black non-stick frying pan with a smooth matte coating, seen from above. — Where you'd see itFluorine compounds give non-stick pans their slick PTFE coating.

Quick facts

Atomic mass: 18.998
Group: 17
Period: 2
State (STP): gas
Electronegativity: 3.98
Common ox. states: -1

Properties

Electron configuration

[He] 2s² 2p⁵

Ionization energy: 1681.0 kJ/mol
Electron affinity: 328.0 kJ/mol
Melting point: 53.48 K (-219.7 °C)
Boiling point: 85.03 K (-188.1 °C)

How dangerous is it?

5/5 · Extreme

The most aggressive element on the table. This pale-yellow gas attacks almost everything it touches, setting many materials alight.

CorrosiveImmediate
It burns skin, eyes, and lungs on contact, and keeps attacking deeper into tissue.
Moved only through sealed metal pipes inside a fume hood, behind a full face shield.
OxidizerImmediate
Such a strong oxidizer that it can set fire to materials that normally never burn.
Stored well away from anything flammable, with special grease-free fittings.

How it bonds

Fluorine is the most electronegative element. It forms exactly one bond - single, terminal, never a double - and keeps 3 lone pairs. Bonds to fluorine are short and strong; the C–F bond is one of the strongest in organic chemistry. Watch for the trap: fluorine never has a positive oxidation state. Period.

Where you meet it

Compounds featuring this element

Deeper

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