Atomic number 23
Vanadium
Transition metal
Quick facts
- Atomic mass
- 50.942
- Group
- 5
- Period
- 4
- State (STP)
- solid
- Electronegativity
- 1.63
- Common ox. states
- +2, +3, +4, +5
Properties
Electron configuration
[Ar] 3d³ 4s²
- Ionization energy
- 650.9 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 50.6 kJ/mol
- Melting point
- 2183.00 K (1909.8 °C)
- Boiling point
- 3680.00 K (3406.8 °C)
How it bonds
Vanadium spans oxidation states +2 through +5, each a distinctive color in solution (lilac → green → blue → yellow). The +5 state (V₂O₅) is the catalyst in industrial sulfuric-acid manufacture.